Investigations

Pregnancy is a time full of changes, and regular check-ups are crucial to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby. These examinations not only provide the opportunity to monitor the progress of the pregnancy but also to detect and treat potential health issues early. Here is an overview of the most important check-ups carried out during pregnancy.

Regular prenatal check-ups are essential during pregnancy. They usually take place every 4 to 6 weeks and include various tests to monitor the health of both mother and baby. The basic examinations include:

1. Blood pressure measurementTo ensure that the mother’s blood pressure remains within the normal range and that there are no signs of pregnancy-related high blood pressure (preeclampsia).
2. Urine test: This is done to detect signs of protein or sugar in the urine, which could indicate health problems such as preeclampsia or diabetes.
3. Weight check: Weight gain is monitored to ensure that the mother gains enough, but not too much.
4. Baby’s heartbeat: From the 12th week of pregnancy, the baby’s heartbeat is regularly checked to ensure proper development.
5. Measurement of the uterus size:This helps monitor the baby’s growth and ensures that it is developing normally.

During pregnancy, various blood tests are performed to monitor the health of the mother and the baby. The most important ones include:

1. Blood type and Rh factor:This test helps determine if the mother has an Rh-negative blood type, which may require special medical measures in some cases.
2. Hemoglobin level:A test to ensure that the mother does not have iron deficiency or anemia, which is common during pregnancy.
3. Toxoplasmosis, rubella, and hepatitis B:These tests help detect infections that could affect the health of the mother and child.
4. Glucose tolerance test:This test is usually performed between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy to detect gestational diabetes.

Ultrasound examinations are an important part of prenatal care. They allow monitoring of the baby’s growth and development and the early detection of any anomalies. In Germany, three standard ultrasound examinations are typically performed:

1. First ultrasound (between the 9th and 12th week):This ultrasound is used to confirm the pregnancy, check the number of embryos (single or multiple pregnancy), and calculate the estimated due date.
2. Second ultrasound (between the 19th and 22nd week):This examination provides a detailed check of the baby’s development, including the organs and size. The placenta and amniotic fluid are also examined.
3. Third ultrasound (between the 29th and 32nd week):Here, the baby’s growth is checked again, and it is assessed whether the baby is in the correct position for birth.

There are various tests designed to assess the risk of genetic disorders or malformations in the baby. These tests are usually optional and can be performed depending on the mother's individual needs and risk factors.

1. Nuchal translucency measurement:This examination is performed in the 12th week of pregnancy and measures the thickness of the baby's nuchal fold, which can provide information about the risk of chromosomal disorders such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).
2. Blood tests for chromosomal abnormalities:In combination with nuchal translucency measurement, a blood test can further refine the risk of genetic disorders such as trisomy 13, 18, or 21.
3. Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling:These invasive tests can be performed if there is a higher risk of genetic disorders. They involve taking amniotic fluid or placental tissue to check for chromosomal abnormalities.

If the mother has certain risk factors, such as a pre-existing condition, advanced age, or a multiple pregnancy, additional examinations may be necessary. These include:

1. CTG (Cardiotocography):A test in which the baby's heartbeats and the uterine contractions are monitored to check the baby's health.
2. Blood pressure measurements and urine tests:Particularly important in a pregnancy with a high risk of preeclampsia or gestational diabetes.